agri intro

Agriculture


Agriculture natural place

Fields in ZáhorieSlovakia, a typical Central European agricultural region

Domestic sheep and a cow (heifer) pastured together in South Africa
Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animalsplants and fungi for foodfiberbiofuelmedicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.[1] Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climatescultures, and technologies. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method.
Modern agronomyplant breedingagrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, and technological developments have in many cases sharply increased yields from cultivation, but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human health effects. Selective breeding and modern practices in animal husbandry have similarly increased the output of meat, but have raised concerns about animal welfare, environmental damage (such as massive drainage of resources such as water and feed fed to the animals, global warmingrainforest destruction, leftover waste products that are littered), and the health effects of the antibioticsgrowth hormones, artificial additives and other chemicals commonly used in industrial meat productionGenetically modified organisms are an increasing component of agriculture, although they are banned in several countries. Agricultural food production and water management are increasingly becoming global issues that are fostering debate on a number of fronts. Significant degradation of land and water resources, including the depletion of aquifers, has been observed in recent decades, and the effects of global warming on agriculture and of agriculture on global warming are still not fully understood. However, entomophagy would solve most of the former problems, and may start to gain popularity among society in the West.[2]
The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. Specific foods include cereals (grains), vegetablesfruitsoilsmeats and spices. Fibers include cottonwoolhempsilk and flax. Raw materials include lumber and bamboo. Other useful materials are also produced by plants, such as resinsdyesdrugsperfumesbiofuels and ornamental products such as cut flowersand nursery plants. Over one third of the world's workers are employed in agriculture, second only to the service sector, although the percentages of agricultural workers in developed countries has decreased significantly over the past several centuries.

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